Selz, Tobias ; Allen, Anna ; Bruinsma, Wessel P. ; Craig, George C. ; Markou, Stratis ; Turner, Richard E.

In this study, we investigate the effective resolution of deterministic artificial intelligence (AI) weather prediction models. We find that an ideal, perfectly trained AI model approximately follows the mean of the forecast distribution for the range of lead times used in the loss function...

Maier, Richard ; Jakub, Fabian ; Mayer, Bernhard

This dataset, along with Maier et al. (2026), contains output from large-eddy simulations of shallow cumulus clouds, each driven by one of three different radiative transfer solvers. The simulations were performed with the PALM model on a grid with 100 m horizontal and 50 m vertical resolution....

Selz, Tobias

The butterfly effect is a property of the atmosphere, where tiny-amplitude initial perturbations grow quickly in areas of convection and latent heat release, then spreading out and moving upscale, eventually affecting even the largest planetary scales. This process takes about two weeks and...

Maier, Richard ; Jakub, Fabian ; Mayer, Bernhard

This dataset contains output from large-eddy simulations of shallow cumulus clouds, each driven by one of three different radiative transfer solvers. The simulations were performed with the PALM model on a grid with 100 m horizontal and 50 m vertical resolution. After an 11-hour spin-up period,...

Köcher, Gregor

This dataset contains Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output with five different cloud microphysics schemes for 30 convective precipitation days in 2019 and 2020. A key feature is the large number of simulation days at high horizontal grid spacing (400 m) which allows for a...